.. _time_20150509:

20150509 -- Lawnmower robots - the end of VLF time signals ?
============================================================

Two and a half year ago, the estate of a bancrupt local developer
held a fire-sale and a plot of land on the other side of the road
came up cheap, really cheap, really *really* cheap.

The upshot of this is that I'm now facing approximately 6000m²
future lawn (0.6 hectare, 1½ acre or "en tønde hartkorn").

I did what any sane person should do:  I bought a lawnmower robot.

I have absolutely nothing but positive things to say about the
experience so far:  Life is simply too short to rattle around on a
garden tractor, burning fossil fuels, annoying the neighbors with
the noise and giving the topsoil "tractose" from the weight of
the monster.

I won't claim that I've bought my last lawnmower, because I'll
probably always need one for the edges and corners, but that will
be it: puttering around margins with a little light battery powered
mower, leaving the big areas to the robot.

However, it seems pretty likely that these lawnmowers will spell
the end of VLF timekeeping in its current easy incarnation.

The way the robot works is that you install a peripheral wire around
your lawn, and the "base-station" sends a current-pulse through it which
the robot can detect:

.. image:: 20150509_data/am.png
	:width: 600px

As far as I can tell, the robot senses the wire with loop-antenna of
some sort, and there are some cute tricks with respect to polarity
and being inside/outside the wire, and also a unique ID of some
sort which enables the robot to recognize its "own" wire.

Nice an dandy all of it, and it seems to work very well.

However...

Here is my VLF spectrum without the robot:

.. image:: 20150509_data/spec_without.svg
	:width: 600px

And here it is with the robot turned on:

.. image:: 20150509_data/spec_with.svg
	:width: 600px

Here is DCF77 without the robot:

.. image:: 20150509_data/dcf77_without.svg
	:width: 600px

And with the robot:

.. image:: 20150509_data/dcf77_with.svg
	:width: 600px

That shouldn't be an impossible obstacke in receiver design,
but having checked, I can say for certain that none of my
"cheap AM" DCF-77 receivers cope with it -- at all.

As far as I can tell, Loran-C is unaffected, at least as seen on my
home-brew `"AducLoran" <http://phk.freebsd.dk/AducLoran/>`_ receiver:

.. image:: 20150509_data/loran.png
	:width: 600px

Here is a how the actual robot signal looks:

.. image:: 20150509_data/pulse_full.svg
	:width: 600px

The reptition frequency seems to be approx 77 Hz.

It is not obvious to me if the smaller pulses comes from
my robot, or from a robot belonging to a neighbor somewhere.

Zooming each pulse look somewhat like this:

.. image:: 20150509_data/pulse_zoom.svg
	:width: 600px

It could look like they made the signal symmetric by reflecting it
in both time and space (= 180° rotation).

There can be many reasons for that, and one might naïvely think
that this kind of "balance" would make the signal more compatible
with the rest of the world, but the result is the opposite.

One of the reasons Loran-C has always fascinated me, is that the signal
is `very smartly designed
<http://phk.freebsd.dk/loran-c/theoretical_spectrum/>`_ .

Loran-C is spread spectrun, designed many years before we had really
figured out what can be done with spread spectrum, and as far as I
can tell, pretty much designed by "gut-feeling" rather than science.

I wish the lawnmower people had taken the time to study Loran-C
signals, because they could quite trivially have designed a signal
that would both be much easier for the robot to detect, meaning
that lower signal levels could be used, and they could also have
isolated all their energy into a narrow, allocated, part of the
spectrum, rather than blanket the entire VF and LF band with junk.

The very least they could do would be to turn the loop off when
the mower is parked, that would most likely allow all the
"radio controlled" clocks (alarm-, wall- etc.) work, since they
usually only turn their radio receiver on during the night.

*phk*